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History and Production
Derived from the word Europe. First identified from a mixture of samarium and gadolinium sample by P.-É Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1890. However, it was first isolated in rather pure form by E.-A. Demarcay in 1901. The metal can now be isolated by electrolysis
of fused halides and by reduction of its oxide by lanthanum metal. It is a good neutron absorber and has potential use as nuclear reactor control rods. It is used as a red phospher activator in color TV tubes.
It is also used as an agent for the manufacture of fluorescent glass.
Physical Data
It is silvery-white that quickly reacts in air and in water. Earth's crust contains about 2.1 ppm of europium which is often associated with other rare earth metals
in nature in monazite, bastnaesite, gadolinite etc.
Interatomic distance: 399 pm
Melting point: 822°C
Boiling point: 1596°C
Thermal conductivity/Wm-1K-1: 13.9 (27°C)
Density/kgm-3: 5243 (20°C)
Standard Thermodynamic Data (atomic gas)
Enthalpy of formation: 175.3 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy of formation: 142.2 kJ/mol
Entropy: 188.8 J/mol K
Heat capacity: 20.8 J/mol K
Electronic data
Electronic configuration: [Xe] 4f7 6s2
Term symbol: 8S7/2
Electron affinity: - Electronegativity (Pauline): -
Ionization energy (first, second, third): 547.111, 1084.59, 2404.42 kJ/mol
Chemical properties
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